(瑞士EL*公司北京代表處 供稿)
Research & development
The defined positioning of the OPTIMESS sensors at the side of the rails allows the positions of the wheel sets inside the rail to be measured at high speeds. With several sensors In a line near to points, Information about the running behavior of wheel sets in points can be gatheredused to optimize guiding within the points. The behavior of the wheel set during travel can be recorded by simultaneous measurement of the railwheel position. Other applications in R&D are the measurements of rail movements, approach measurements when coupling carriages, side inclination measurements of carriagesdetection of the contact wire position.
研究和發(fā)展
安裝于軌道邊的OPTIMESS激光位移傳感器，可在高速度下測量鐵道內(nèi)側(cè)機(jī)車車輪的位置。靠近測點(diǎn)同一條線上的數(shù)個(gè)傳感器，采集所測的機(jī)車車輪運(yùn)行狀況信息，并在測點(diǎn)內(nèi)優(yōu)化，同時(shí)測量鐵軌和輪子的位置，以記錄車輪裝置的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。其它研發(fā)應(yīng)用有：鐵軌的位移測量，車箱耦合測量、車輛傾斜度測量和聯(lián)接線路位置探測。
Production
Unevenness in the rolling surface requires regrinding of the rails. This grinding result in removal of the hardened areas In the rail head not to mention the high Costs incurred. One large rail manufacturer has been using a non-contact measuring system for years. The rolling surface is measured online by laser sensors during production. With a ruler generated in the software the minmax values are determined analogously with manual measurement. Comparative measurements over a longer period have shown that maximum deviations of 0.05 mm occur between both measurements. In addition the rail unevenness is measured at 90° to the rolling surface. The measuring system has been testedapproved by renowned railway companies.
生產(chǎn)
由于不平坦的起伏表面，軌道需要重新打磨，打磨要求去除鋼軌上凸硬部分還要降低成本。一個(gè)大型鋼軌制造企業(yè)多年應(yīng)用無接觸測量系統(tǒng)，在線激光測量軌道表面并將zui大和zui小值數(shù)據(jù)采集在軟件中，并與模擬手工測量長期比較，結(jié)果表明兩種測量方法結(jié)果zui大偏差僅為0.05毫米。另外，軌道表面90O方向不平坦測量系統(tǒng)已通過試驗(yàn)，并得到許多鐵路公司的批準(zhǔn)。
Contact wire measurement
It is important to know the exact positionheight of the contact wire for overhead assembly monitoringoverhead assembly installation. Appropriate non-contact contact wire measuring systems have been developed for the Korean High Speed Railway Corporation (KHRC)the English OLE Alliance. A laser triangulation scanner measures the heightlateral position of the contact wire during travel. Another five laser sensors are installed on the vehicle to measure the inclination of the carriage, the lateral movement of the carriagethe track width. All these data are displayed graphicallylogged. The measuring system operates under almost all ambient conditions (rain, extreme heat or frost).
接觸線測量
接觸線（車頂）位置和高度的準(zhǔn)確測量對接觸網(wǎng)的監(jiān)控和安裝非常重要。恰當(dāng)?shù)臒o接觸的接觸線測量系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)為韓國高速鐵路公司（KHRC）和英國OLE聯(lián)盟所采用。激光三角掃描儀在運(yùn)行中在線測量接觸線的高度和側(cè)面位置，另外5個(gè)激光傳感器安裝于車箱上，用于測量車箱的傾斜度、側(cè)面位移和軌道間距，所有的這些數(shù)據(jù)都可以圖形顯示，這套測量系統(tǒng)幾乎可在任何環(huán)境下操作（下雨、高溫或結(jié)霜天氣）
Rail profile measurement
For classification of the state of wear of the rail headevaluation of the necessary maintenance work, measuring vehicles are equipped with laser sensors in which 5 to 7 sensors per rail side are positioned around the rail head. Measured values are recorded every 20 cm at these points at about SO mphcompared with the nominal profile in the computer. The computer classifies the deviations according to given tolerance values. The movements of the measuring vehicle superposed on the measured values are compensated mathematically in the computer.
軌道外形測量
為了對鐵軌頂面磨損狀況分級并且對必要的維修工作進(jìn)行估價(jià)，測量車在每側(cè)軌道上方安裝5-7個(gè)激光傳感器，以每小時(shí)80英里速度運(yùn)行，每隔20cm記錄測量數(shù)據(jù)，并與中心計(jì)算機(jī)儲(chǔ)存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)對比，計(jì)算機(jī)依據(jù)給定的偏差值進(jìn)行分類，并與此測量值迭生的檢測車位移數(shù)據(jù)一并記錄存擋在計(jì)算機(jī)中。
Rail cross section measurement
For the necessary regrinding of the rail profile, the profile Is monitored before, duringafter grinding. To do this, either a point measuring OPTIMESS sensor is moved transversely to the direction of travel by a linear unit or laser scanners are used. With the laser scanner the measuring point is scanned along a line over the rail profilea profile cut along the measuring line is obtained. This -rail section. is compared In the computer with the nominal profile to be producedthe grinding parameters are adjusted accordingly.
軌道叉道段測量。
為了對軌道外形進(jìn)行必要的打磨，在打磨前中后，外形均需監(jiān)控。為此，采用OPTIMESS沿軌道橫截方向進(jìn)行點(diǎn)測，或者采用激光掃描裝置：測量點(diǎn)沿軌道橫向的外形進(jìn)行掃描檢測，此軌道段外形與儲(chǔ)存于計(jì)算機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外形對比分析，相應(yīng)地可調(diào)整打磨參數(shù)。
Wheel profile measurement
The non-contact measurement of the wheel profile enables, fast, contact less measurement of the parameters for the downstream wheel set processing. A laser sensor is moved along the profile by a linear unit to record the profile. The computer picks up the profile by simultaneous recording of the travel distancethe laser distance valuesthen the characteristic variables such as wheel flange thickness, wheel flange height, wheel flange width, qr dimensionwheel gauge are measured. The systems which are also used on tramwaysunderground railways were developed in co-operation with German Railwaysintegrated directly in wheel set processing machines so that pre-dimensioning, machiningpost-dimensioning is possible with one machine. In addition a laser-wheel profile measuring system for the workshop is available.
車輪外形測量
無接觸測量車輪外形，可以快捷準(zhǔn)確地?zé)o直接接觸測量車輪組參數(shù)。一個(gè)激光傳感器沿著車輪外形作線性運(yùn)動(dòng)并記錄表面數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算機(jī)通過記錄掃描運(yùn)行距離和激光距離數(shù)值得出車輪表面外形數(shù)據(jù)，以及特征變化參數(shù)，例如車輪輪緣厚度、高度、寬度，方位及車輪規(guī)格尺寸。并且，通過與德國鐵路公司合作開發(fā)，此系統(tǒng)同時(shí)應(yīng)用于電車軌道和地鐵軌道測量，向前向后運(yùn)動(dòng)并直接集成于同一車輪裝備。另外，還作為一款車間移動(dòng)激光--車輪外形測量系統(tǒng)。
Wheel set measuring stands
If only the characteristic variables of the wheel profile are determined in the application described above, the use of several sensors on a 2 or 3-axle drive unit allows almost all parameters of the wheel set such as profile, impact, brake disks, flattening etc. to 6e measured. All parameters to be measured are determined, measured automaticallylogged by entering the wheel set Identification. The flexibility of the laser sensor in terms of dimensions, measuring distancemeasuring range also allows the conversion or retrofitting of existing tactile measuring stands.
車輪組測量系統(tǒng)
上述只是車輪外形變化的應(yīng)用測量，那么在驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置上的2軸或3軸方向應(yīng)用多個(gè)傳感器幾乎可以檢測所有參數(shù)，比如車輪外形、碰撞、閘盤、平滑度等等，只要輸入車輪識別碼，所有的被測量參數(shù)將自動(dòng)采集。激光傳感器在尺寸、測量距離和測量范圍的靈活性，也允許對現(xiàn)有的接觸測量裝置進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)型或更新。
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